What does "disclosure" refer to in civil proceedings?

In civil proceedings, "disclosure" refers to the obligation to share relevant evidence between parties involved in a legal dispute. This process is essential for ensuring fairness in the justice system, as it allows each party to be aware of the evidence that may be used against them and to prepare their case accordingly. The principle behind disclosure is to prevent trials from being surprises, ensuring that both sides can present their arguments based on the same set of facts and evidence.

During the disclosure process, parties must exchange documents, witness lists, and other materials that are pertinent to the case. This promotes transparency and helps to avoid unnecessary delays in the trial process. By adhering to procedural rules regarding disclosure, parties can have a more efficient and orderly legal process, which is crucial in civil litigation.